Cego

Cego is a Tarot game for three or four players played with eponymous German Tarot cards. The game was probably derived from Dreierles after soldiers returned from Spain during the Napoleonic Wars who introduced its distinctive feature: the large talon called "the Blind". Cego has been called the national game of Baden.

Sometimes called Baden Tarock (German: Badisches Tarock), historically also Zego, Caeco[1] and Ceco (Latin: caecus, meaning blind), Cego is seen as part of the cultural heritage of the Black Forest and South Baden region.[2] After the defeat of Further Austria, in 1805 much of its territory was allocated to the Grand Duchy of Baden. During the ensuing Napoleonic Wars, soldiers from Baden deployed with Napoleon's troops to Spain where, among other things, they learnt a new card game, Ombre. Recent research suggests that they took elements of this game back to Baden and modified the Tarot game of Dreierles which was played with Tarock playing cards that were then still in popular use in southern Germany.[3] The result was the game of Cego[4] which became sufficiently popular to develop into the national game of Baden and Hohenzollern and these are the only regions of Germany where Tarot or Tarock cards are still used for playing games.[5] The game has grown organically and there are many regional variations but in recent years, the establishment of a Cego Black Forest Championship has led to official tournament rules being defined.[3][2] In addition, regular courses and local tournaments are held and it is a permanent feature of Alemannic Week, held annually in the Black Forest at the end of September.[6]

The noted German economist Gerold Blümle has researched, lectured, taught and written on the subject of "Baden's national game of Cego"[7][8] and has done much to promote the game. Today, Cego is played mainly in the Upper Rhine valley,[9] the Black Forest, the adjacent Baar lowland[10] and around Lake Constance in Switzerland and Austria.

Cego traditionally uses a French-suited tarot pack of German design of which two patterns are still in use. In each case, the remaining cards (court and pip cards) are of the plain suits: clubs, spades, hearts, and diamonds. In addition to the King, Queen, and Jack there is also a Knight or Cavalier. Court cards cannot beat trumps, but are important because of their card value with respect to the total of points and their ability to win a plain suit trick. Pip cards have neither high card value nor are they very useful in winning tricks. Like the Industrie und Glück deck, the red pip cards are numbered from one to four (one being the highest card) and the black pip cards are numbered from ten to seven, with no corner indices.

The first is an animal tarot deck called Adler Cego (Eagle Cego) that dates to the early 19th century, probably the 1840s.[1] Unlike the Bourgeois Tarot (also called Tarot Nouveau) which used 78 cards instead of 54, and much like the Industrie und Glück, the Adler Cego deck consists of 54 cards which include of 22 trumps, 16 face cards (images) and 16 pip cards (empty cards). Trump 1 shows the Kleiner Mann (based on Hanswurst) while trump 2 has mythological hybrids. Trumps 3 to 21 depict real animals. The highest trump lacks the pink panels that the other trumps have on both ends of the cards depicting its rank in Arabic numerals. Instead, it shows a gleeman and is called the Stieß or G'stieß (Fool). Despite the name, eagles do not appear in any of the cards.[11][12] The last manufacturer of this deck is ASS Altenburger.

The second type of pack in current use is one designed by F.X. Schmid, again dating to the 19th century. This is a variant of the Bourgeois Tarot with genre scenes of rural life. Another variant of Bourgeois Tarot, the French Tarot Nouveau deck, was also sometimes used, particularly in Alsace. It is sometimes called the Black Forest Cego pattern.

When playing with a 78-card Tarot Nouveau deck, all blacks suits (Spades and Clubs) from Aces to sixes and all red suits (Hearts and Diamonds) from fives to tens are removed before playing.

Cego can be played by three or four players. Play proceeds counter-clockwise. Normally, one player plays against the rest. By winning tricks they try to accumulate more card points than the rest of the players together - just as in Skat, a popular German card game. There are some special games called "Räuber" (robber), "Drescher" (thresher), in which every player plays for himself.[13]

Unlike Skat and other major card games, Cego has no official set of rules. Thus, every region has established their own set of traditional rules. Sometimes, the rules differ even within a village. The following description is therefore to be seen as a general guideline only.

4 players: The dealer deals 11 cards per player and 10 cards separately on the table. Those ten cards are called the blind (Der Blinde).

3 players: Every player gets 13 cards, 12 go into the blind.

With three players, the seven of spades, the seven of clubs, and the four of diamonds are taken out of the game; it is played with 51 cards only. In either case, there is no special order of dealing (unlike Skat).

After the dealing the players have to check if they can play a Solo: If a player has more than 8 trumps (truck), or 8 trumps + only 2 colors + 2 trumps with a card value higher than 17 he should call a Solo. If no one goes against it this player will play a hand game. He may not look at the blind but it counts for him during scoring.

The solo can be played as ultimo, if one has strong trump and additionally the small man (trump number 1). At the ultimo the last trick has to be taken with the small man. In some regions ultimos are also played with the 2- or 3-trump or with specific combinations of 1-, 2-, and 3-trumps. Playing solo one can call beforehand that he will not lose any tricks (called Durchmarsch i.e. a "march").

If a player meets the requirements for a solo but doesn't say it, it's possible for the player who takes the blind to demand that all cards are put on the table. If a player is then caught copping-out the Solo, he has to pay the game (8 times the last bidded game value). This process called Schinden is not cheating, but a legal way of conduct bearing the risk of being caught.

If a player wants to play a solo the other players can be against it and can play a Gegensolo. The player on the right hand side from the player who announced a solo has to decide first if a solo is okay or not. If everyone is okay with a solo then the player who announced it is allowed to play it.

If nobody wants to play a Solo the player beside the dealer (to the right) has to announce a Cego. The others are now allowed to bid in this order:

1.Cego

The player has to put 2 cards from his hand (best would be 2 trumps) onto the blind. The other cards on his hand change into points. The 12 cards (4 player) / 14 cards (3 player) are the cards the player has to play with now. One card though has to be put down onto the cards which count as points that everybody has the same number of cards on the hands. The player of the cego is allowed to look at his points in the first three rounds. If the player forgot to put down a card and has one card too many at the end he loses the game.

2. Half (Halbe)

The player has to put one card onto the blind. The player also has to play a pip card face up. Then the blind changes into the cards he has to play with. The others change into points. One card has to be put onto the pile that the cards on his hand are 10. If the player want he can change the pip card into a face card he has on his hand.

3. One Card (Eine)

The player has to put one card onto the blind and has to play with them. The rest of the cards change into points.

4. One Blank (Eine leere)

The player has to play a pip card face up. He has to play with the blind and the other cards turn into points.

5. Two Blanks (Zwei Leere)

The player has to play two blank cards (same colour), one for the first round one for the second round. Then he plays with the blind and his cards from earlier change into points.

6.Two Different (Zwei Verschiedene)

The player has to play 2 pip cards, one for the first round and another one for the second round. Then his cards change into points and he has to continue playing with the blind.

7. Littl' Un (Kleiner Mann / Babber)

This is the last bid. If one of the bidding players has the 'little man' (first trump) he can play a Littl' Un (Kleiner Mann). He has to play the small man in the first round and plays then with the blind. The other cards he had in his hand change into points.

A player can bid high if he has a lot of court cards / points in his hand, since the cards in his hand become points. If a player wants to play a Half (Halbe) the player who announced Cego has to be okay with it before the other players can bid. If he is okay with it, the others can announce One Card (Eine). All the other players have to be okay with it before the player who announced the game is allowed to play it.

Special games may also be bid for. They are:

1. Piccolo

It does not matter if anybody wants to play a Half (Halbe) or anything else. Piccolo has priority. The player has to try to win one round. So he is not allowed to win with two cards and not less either.

2. Bettel

Same as Piccolo but this time the player is not allowed to win anything at all with his cards.

3. Räuber

If everyone else passes, the player who announced Cego can announce a Räuber. That means that all players play for themselves. There is only one loser and that's the person who gets most of the points. In the first round the player who has the Gstieß has to play it. Second round the Mund (21) and third Geiß (1).