Pavillion

In architecture, pavilion has several meanings:

The word is from French pavillon (Old French paveillon ), from Latin papilionem (accusative of papilio ). In Late Latin and Old French, it meant both ‘butterfly’ and ‘tent’, because the canvas of a tent resembled a butterfly's spread wings.[2][3]

Pavilions may be small garden outbuildings, similar to a summer house or a kiosk; small rooms on the roof of a large house, reached only via the roof (rather than by internal stairs) may also be called pavilions. These were particularly popular up to the 18th century and can be equated to the Italian casina, formerly rendered in English "casino". These often resembled small classical temples and follies. Especially if there is some space for food preparation, they may be called a banqueting house. A pavilion built to take advantage of a view may be referred to as a gazebo. Bandstands in a park are a class of pavilion. A poolhouse by a swimming pool may have sufficient character and charm to be called a pavilion. By contrast, a free-standing pavilion can also be a far larger building such as the Royal Pavilion at Brighton, which is in fact a large Indian-style palace; however, like its smaller namesakes, the common factor is that it was built for pleasure and relaxation.

A sports pavilion is usually a building adjacent to a sports ground used for changing clothes and often partaking of refreshments. Often it has a verandah to provide protection from the sun for spectators. In cricket grounds, as at Lord's, a cricket pavilion tends to be used for the building the players emerge from and return to, even when this is actually a large building including a grandstand. A pavilion in stadia, especially baseball parks, is a typically single-decked covered seating area (as opposed to the more expensive seating area of the main grandstand and the less expensive seating area of the uncovered bleachers).

Externally, pavilions may be emphasised by any combination of a change in height, profile (a flat facade may end in round pavilions, or flat ones that project out), colour, material, and ornament. Internally they may be part of a rectangular block, or only connected to the main block by a thin section of building. The two 18th-century English country houses of Houghton Hall and Holkham Hall illustrate these different approaches in turn.

In the Place des Vosges (1605–1612), Paris, twin pavilions mark the centers of the north and south sides of the square. They are named the Pavillon du Roi (“king’s pavilion”) and the Pavillon de la Reine (“queen’s pavilion”), though no royal personage ever lived in the square. With their triple archways, they function like gatehouses that give access to the privileged space of the square. French gatehouses had been built in the form of such pavilions in the preceding century.

In some areas, a pavilion is a term for a hunting lodge. The Pavillon de Galon in Luberon, France, is a typical 18th-century aristocratic hunting pavilion. The pavilion, located on the site of an old Roman villa, includes a garden à la française , which was used by the guests for receptions.

Küçüksu Pavilion in Istanbul, Turkey

The frontage of Houghton Hall ends in a pavilion on each side

Plan of the main part of Holkham Hall, where, unlike Houghton, only a thin section connects the pavilions to the main block

Pavilions at each end of the facade of the Upper Belvedere, Vienna

The white marbled Naulakha Pavilion at the Lahore Fort, Pakistan

A banqueting house at Studley Royal Park

Woodfarm Pavilion, Glasgow. An example of a more common pavilion in an urban area.

The Dianatempel (1613–1617), the Hofgarten, Bavaria

Ahmad Shahi Pavilion, the Niavaran Palace Complex, Tehran (19th century)

The wooden cricket pavilion at Leyton Cricket Ground in London (1886)

Abdur Rahman Khan's garden house inside the royal Arg Palace, Kabul (19th century)

A poolhouse at Edgewater in Barrytown, New York, United States (1998)

A bandstand (Musikpavillon ) at Bürkliplatz in Zurich, Switzerland (1908)

Rigde pavilion in Heinola, Päijänne Tavastia, Finland

Island pavilion in the Chinese Garden, Zürich (1993)

Picnic shelter, Yarramundi Reach, Canberra

A stone pavilion, Indian Springs State Park, Georgia

A marble pavilion, Red Fort, Delhi